“You’ve got to settle down!” Mothers’ perceptions of physical activity in their young children_2015.pdf

Abstract

Background: Mothers are important mediators of children’s physical activity (PA) level and risk of obesity, however

previous studies of maternal perceptions of child PA have been limited. Furthermore, it is unknown if maternal

perceptions of child PA are predicted by family, mother and child characteristics. Therefore objectives of this study

were to 1) evaluate maternal perceptions of PA in their children and 2) test associations of family, mother and child

characteristics with these perceptions.

Methods: 278 low-income mothers of children (mean age 70.9 months) participated in an audio-taped

semi-structured interview. Transcripts were systematically analyzed using the constant comparative method and

themes were generated. A coding scheme to classify the themes appearing in each transcript was developed and

reliably applied. Anthropometrics were measured. Demographics and questionnaires (the Confusion, Hubbub and

Order Scale, The Parenting Scale, and the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ)) were collected. Logistic regression

models were used to test the associations of family, mother and child characteristics with each theme.

Results: In this sample of low-income United States mothers, two themes emerged: 1) Mothers perceive their

children as already very active (87.8 %, n = 244), predicted by the child being younger, the child not being

overweight, and higher child CBQ Activity Level; and 2) Mothers view their children’s high activity level as

problematic (27.0 %, n = 75), predicted by lower Parenting Laxness, the child being male and lower child CBQ

Inhibitory Control.

Conclusions: Low-income United States mothers have unique perceptions of PA in their children; these beliefs are

associated with characteristics of the child and mother but not characteristics of the family. Further understanding

of contributors to maternal perceptions of child PA may inform future childhood obesity interventions. The

influence of these perceptions on physical activity outcomes in low-income children should be pursued in future

research.